The factory is an outpost which produces drillers.
At standard rate a factory will produce 6 drillers every cycle (8 hours).
This rate can be modified by specialists like the Minister of Energy (-1 driller/cycle globally), the Tycoon (every cycle is halved globally, +3 drillers/cycle locally) or the Foreman (+6 drillers/cycle locally).
Like all outposts, factories have shields.